119x Filetype PPT File size 0.60 MB Source: www.seameo.org
WTO
WTO
WTO
GATS
GATS
TES
Trade in Education Services
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
One of the least committed sectors
Less than one-third of the 147 WTO’s
members states have made commitments
Most WTO members have put more
limitations on trade in primary and
secondary education than higher and adult
education
MODES OF SUPPLY
MODES OF SUPPLY
• Cross-border-supply
• Consumption abroad / Movement
of consumers
• Commercial presence
• Presence of natural persons /
Movement of service providers
CATEGORIES OF EDUCATION
CATEGORIES OF EDUCATION
SERVICES
SERVICES
• Primary Education
• Secondary Education
• Higher Education
• Adult Education
• Other Education
• TES is already a major business in some countries.
The largest share of international TES takes the
form of students traveling to study abroad.
• Since 1995, the importance of TES has grown
dramatically.
• There has been an explosive growth in
international TES, covering all modes of supply
including cross-border e-learning activities and the
establishment of campuses and teaching facilities
abroad.
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