WTO
                            WTO
                            WTO
                             GATS
                             GATS
                                  
                              TES
             Trade in Education Services
                                  
                 EDUCATION
                 EDUCATION
           One of the least committed sectors
         Less than one-third of the  147 WTO’s 
      members states have made commitments
         Most WTO members have put more 
          limitations on trade in primary and 
      secondary education than higher and adult 
                       education 
                            
         MODES OF SUPPLY
         MODES OF SUPPLY
          • Cross-border-supply
          • Consumption abroad / Movement 
            of consumers
          • Commercial presence
          • Presence of natural persons / 
            Movement of service providers
                           
      CATEGORIES OF EDUCATION 
       CATEGORIES OF EDUCATION 
                    SERVICES
                    SERVICES
                 • Primary Education
                 • Secondary Education
                 • Higher Education
                 • Adult Education
                 • Other Education
                           
      • TES is already a major business in some countries. 
         The largest share of international TES takes the 
         form of students traveling to study abroad.
      • Since 1995, the importance of TES has grown 
         dramatically. 
      • There has been an explosive growth in 
         international TES, covering all modes of supply 
         including cross-border e-learning activities and the 
         establishment of campuses and teaching facilities 
         abroad.