SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
        SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
                  QUOTATION
                  QUOTATION
     How do summaries, paraphrases, 
     How do summaries, paraphrases, 
     and quotes differ from one 
     and quotes differ from one 
     another?
     another?
       They differ according to the similarity 
        They differ according to the similarity 
        of your writing to the source writing. 
        of your writing to the source writing. 
       They differ according to the level of 
        They differ according to the level of 
        specificity in communicating the 
        specificity in communicating the 
        ideas of the source writing.
        ideas of the source writing.
          SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
          SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
                       QUOTATION
                       QUOTATION
  A Summary:
    A Summary:
     Is a general restatement of the main idea of a 
      passage.
     Is the most general of the three techniques.
     Requires that you clearly understand the 
      original passage so you do not distort its 
      meaning.
     Uses your own original wording and sentence 
      structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
     Is much shorter in length than the original.
     Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, 
      it’s plagiarism.
        A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last 
         name and the page number(s) of the borrowed 
         material in parentheses. For example: (Smith 12).
        SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
        SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
                   QUOTATION
                    QUOTATION
  A Paraphrase:
   A Paraphrase:
     Is a precise restatement of a short passage—
     usually no more than a sentence or two.
     Is more specific than summary, but more 
     general than a quotation
     Requires that you clearly understand the 
     original passage so you do not distort its 
     meaning.
     Uses your own original wording and sentence 
     structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
     Is usually very close to the same length as 
     the original passage.
     Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, 
     it’s plagiarism.
       SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
       SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & 
                  QUOTATION
                  QUOTATION
  A Quotation:
    Is identical to the original—word for 
     word.
    Is the most specific of the three 
     techniques, but should be used the least.
    Should never stand by itself as a 
     complete sentence (known as a “floating 
     quote”). Instead, integrate every quote 
     into a sentence of your own.
    Requires a parenthetical citation—
     otherwise, it’s plagiarism.