The background: the productivity challenge
       • UK healthcare sector characterised by growth 
           in expenditure over time long period
       • Tends to outstrip GDP growth (as in other 
           countries)
       • Many estimates of productivity growth in sector 
           are low
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       The healthcare sector
                                                                                 © Imperial College Business School
   Productivity Growth in the English National Health Service from 1998/1999 to 2013/2014
      NHS Productivity 1998-2013
  Health Economics
  hec.3338, 4 APR 2016 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3338
  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hec.3338/full#hec3338-fig-0008
       Greater competition in the healthcare sector
       • Is competition one way to address this 
           challenge?
            • UK (England) has been a pioneer in use of pro-market 
              reforms in formerly heavily centralised and regulated 
              systems
            • Several other European and OECD countries have 
              also had major pro-market reforms in healthcare
       • Lessons from the UK experience
                                                                                 © Imperial College Business School
       Outline
       • Brief overview of reforms
       • Evaluation of impact on choice and outcomes
       • Reflections and lessons for future
                                                                                 © Imperial College Business School