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2015 Nutrition Country Profile www.globalnutritionreport.org
COSTA RICA
ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY
POVERTY RATES AND GDP UNDER-5 MORTALITY RATE INCOME INEQUALITY
Gini index score* Gini index rank† Year
US$1.25/day (%) US$2/day (%) GDP per capita Deaths per 1,000 live births
PPP ($) 10 10 10 10 10 49 124 2012
Source: World Bank 2015.
†
13,162 13,427 Notes: *0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality. The countries with a
12,694 13,713 Gini index are ranked from most equal (#1) to most unequal (#145).
POPULATION
Population (000) 5,002 2015
.9 2 3 .9 4 2 4 .1 Under-5 population (000) 367 2015
2 5. 1. 2 1. 3. 1. 3
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Urban (%) 67 2015
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 > 65 years (%) 15 2015
Source: World Bank 2015.
Note: PPP = purchasing power parity. Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 2014. Source: 2015 projections from UNPD 2013.
CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY
CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY PREVALENCE OF CHANGES IN STUNTING PREVALENCE OVER TIME, BY WEALTH QUINTILE
Number of children under 5 affected (000) UNDER-5 STUNTING (%)
a
Stunting 21 2008 8
a
Wasting 4 2008
a 6
Overweight 30 2008
Percentage of children under 5 affected Data not available
a
Wasting 1 2008
a
Severe wasting NA NA
a
Overweight 8 2008
b
Low birth weight 7 2012 1996 2008
a b
Sources: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2015; UNICEF 2015.
Note: NA = not available. Source: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2015. Source: DHS surveys 1990−2011 adapted from Bredenkamp et al. 2014.
ADOLESCENT AND ADULT NUTRITION STATUS
ADOLESCENT AND ADULT ANTHROPOMETRY (% POPULATION) MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF POPULATION
a a
Adolescent overweight 28 2009 Women of reproductive age with anemia
a Total population affected (000) 246 2011
Adolescent obesity 9 2009
b Total population affected (%) 19 2011
Women of reproductive age, thinness NA NA
b b
Women of reproductive age, short stature NA NA Vitamin A deficiency in children 6–59 months old (%) 5 2013
a b
Sources: WHO 2015; DHS 2015. Risk of iodine-induced hyperthy-
Note: NA = not available. c roidism (IIH) within 5–10 years
Population classification of iodine nutrition following introduction of iodized 1996
METABOLIC RISK FACTORS FOR DIET-RELATED salt in susceptible groups
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, 2008 (%) a b c
Sources: WHO 2015; Stevens et al. 2015; WHO 2004.
Raised blood pressure Raised blood glucose Raised blood cholesterol
PREVALENCE OF ADULT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY, 2014 (%)
Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)
41 43 45 62
38 37 33 Female 30
Male 59
10 10 10 19
Both sexes 60
24
Both sexes Male Female
Source: WHO 2015.
Source: WHO 2014. Note: BMI = body mass index.
WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY INDICATORS: PROGRESS AGAINST GLOBAL WHA TARGETS
a b a b a
Under-5 stunting Under-5 wasting, 2008 Under-5 overweight WRA anemia, 2011 EBF
NA On course NA Off course NA
a b
Sources: Definitions of progress developed by GNR’s Independent Expert Group with guidance from WHO/UNICEF; WHO 2014.
Notes: Currently it is only possible to determine whether a country is on or off course for five of the six WHA targets. The year refers to the most recent data available; on/off-course calculation is based on trend data.
WRA = women of reproductive age. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding. NA = not available.
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COSTA RICA 2015 Nutrition Country Profile
INTERVENTION COVERAGE AND CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES
CONTINUUM OF CARE (%) RATE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING INTERVENTION COVERAGE (%)
OF INFANTS UNDER 6 MONTHS (%) a
a Severe acute malnutrition, geographic coverage NA NA
Antenatal care (4+ visits), 2011 b
90 33 Vitamin A supplementation, full coverage NA NA
b
Children under 5 with diarrhea receiving ORS 40 2011
a
Skilled attendant at birth, 2011 b
99 Immunization coverage, DTP3 95 2013
b
Iodized salt consumption NA NA
a
Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth, 2011 a b
60 Sources: UNICEF/Coverage Monitoring Network/ACF International 2012; UNICEF 2015.
Notes: ORS = oral rehydration salts; DTP3 = 3 doses of combined diphtheria/tetanus/
pertussis vaccine. NA = not available.
a
Continued breastfeeding at 1 year, 2011
55 INFANT AND YOUNG-CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES (% 6–23 MONTHS)
b Minimum acceptable diet NA NA
Unmet need for family planning, 2011
8 2011 Minimum dietary diversity NA NA
Source: UNICEF 2015.
a b
Sources: UNICEF 2015; UNPD 2015. Source: UNICEF 2015. Note: NA = not available.
UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS
FOOD SUPPLY GENDER-RELATED DETERMINANTS FEMALE SECONDARY
a EDUCATION ENROLLMENT (%)
a Early childbearing: births by age 18 (%) 9 2010
Undernourishment Available calories Availability of fruits and
a b
(%): data for 1991, from nonstaples (%): vegetables (grams): b
2000, 2010, 2015 data for 1991, 2000, data for 1990, 2000, Gender Inequality Index (score*) 0.344 2013 113
2009, 2012 2010, 2011 b 100 102 104 106
541 Gender Inequality Index (country rank) 63 2013
499 a b
66 65 66 Sources: UNICEF 2015; UNDP 2014.
469 Note: *0 = low inequality, 1 = high inequality.
435
POPULATION DENSITY OF HEALTH WORKERS
PER 1,000 PEOPLE
Physicians 1.113 2013
5 5 5 Nurses and midwives 0.771 2013
1991 2000 2010 2012 2015 Community health workers NA NA 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: WHO 2015.
a b
Source: FAOSTAT 2015; FAOSTAT 2014. Note: NA = not available. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2015.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES (%)
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER COVERAGE (%) IMPROVED SANITATION COVERAGE (%) Health Social protection
Piped on premises Unimproved Improved facilities Unimproved facilities Education Agriculture
Other improved Surface water Shared facilities Open defecation
4 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 6 1 4 1 4 8.1 7.8
10 5 4 4 3.4
13.5 13.8
97 95 21.4
83 90 88 91
34.7 36.2
2.1 4.1 25.5
1990 2000 2015 1990 2000 2015 11.4
2.1 1.8 3.4 5.5
Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2015. Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2015. 1990 2000 2010 2012
Note: Due to rounding, numbers might not add up to 100. Note: Due to rounding, numbers might not add up to 100.
Source: IFPRI 2015.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
SCALING UP NUTRITION (SUN) COUNTRY POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS AVAILABILITY AND STAGE OF
INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, 2014 (%) National implementation of the International IMPLEMENTATION OF GUIDELINES/
a Law 2014 PROTOCOLS/STANDARDS FOR THE
Bringing people into a shared space for action 17 Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
b MANAGEMENT OF NCDs
Extent of constitutional right to food Medium 2003
Ensuring a coherent policy and legal framework 20 c Diabetes Available, fully 2010
Maternity protection (Convention 183) Yes 2011 implemented
Aligning actions around a common results framework 28 d
Wheat fortification legislation Mandatory 2015 Available, fully
19 Undernutrition mentioned in national develop- 2015– Hypertension implemented 2010
Financial tracking and resource mobilization e Rank: 59/126
ment plans and economic growth strategies 2018 Source: WHO 2014.
Total weighted 21 Overnutrition mentioned in national develop- 2015– Note: NCDs = noncommunicable diseases.
e Rank: 50/116
ment plans and economic growth strategies 2018
Source: SUN 2014.
a b c d e
Sources: UNICEF 2014; FAO 2003; ILO 2013; FFI 2015; IDS 2015.
For complete source information: http://globalnutritionreport.org/the-report/technical-notes. © 2015 International Food Policy Research Institute
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